Nội dung bài giảng
Giải các phương trình sau:
a. \({{5\left( {x - 1} \right) + 2} \over 6} - {{7x - 1} \over 4} = {{2\left( {2x + 1} \right)} \over 7} - 5\)
b. \({{3\left( {x - 3} \right)} \over 4} + {{4x - 10,5} \over {10}} = {{3\left( {x + 1} \right)} \over 5} + 6\)
c. \({{2\left( {3x + 1} \right) + 1} \over 4} - 5 = {{2\left( {3x - 1} \right)} \over 5} - {{3x + 2} \over {10}}\)
d. \({{x + 1} \over 3} + {{3\left( {2x + 1} \right)} \over 4} = {{2x + 3\left( {x + 1} \right)} \over 6} + {{7 + 12x} \over {12}}\)
Giải:
a. \({{5\left( {x - 1} \right) + 2} \over 6} - {{7x - 1} \over 4} = {{2\left( {2x + 1} \right)} \over 7} - 5\)
\(\eqalign{ & \Leftrightarrow {{5x - 5 + 2} \over 6} - {{7x - 1} \over 4} = {{4x + 2} \over 7} - 5 \cr & \Leftrightarrow {{5x - 3} \over 6} - {{7x - 1} \over 4} = {{4x + 2} \over 7} - 5 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 14\left( {5x - 3} \right) - 21\left( {7x - 1} \right) = 12\left( {4x + 2} \right) - 5.84 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 70x - 42 - 147x + 21 = 48x + 24 - 420 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 70x - 147x - 48x = 24 - 420 + 42 - 21 \cr & \Leftrightarrow - 125x = - 375 \cr & \Leftrightarrow x = 3 \cr} \)
Phương trình có nghiệm x = 3
b. \({{3\left( {x - 3} \right)} \over 4} + {{4x - 10,5} \over {10}} = {{3\left( {x + 1} \right)} \over 5} + 6\)
\(\eqalign{ & \Leftrightarrow {{3x - 9} \over 4} + {{4x - 10,5} \over {10}} = {{3x + 3} \over 5} + 6 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 5\left( {3x - 9} \right) + 2\left( {4x - 10,5} \right) = 4\left( {3x + 3} \right) + 6.20 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 15x - 45 + 8x - 21 = 12x + 12 + 120 & \Leftrightarrow 15x + 8x - 12x = 12 + 120 + 45 + 21 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 11x = 198 \cr & \Leftrightarrow x = 18 \cr} \)
Phương trình có nghiệm x = 18
c. \({{2\left( {3x + 1} \right) + 1} \over 4} - 5 = {{2\left( {3x - 1} \right)} \over 5} - {{3x + 2} \over {10}}\)
\(\eqalign{ & \Leftrightarrow {{6x + 2 + 1} \over 4} - 5 = {{6x - 2} \over 5} - {{3x + 2} \over {10}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow {{6x + 3} \over 4} - 5 = {{6x - 2} \over 5} - {{3x + 2} \over {10}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow 5\left( {6x + 3} \right) - 5.20 = 4\left( {6x - 2} \right) - 2\left( {3x + 2} \right) \cr & \Leftrightarrow 30x + 15 - 100 = 24x - 8 - 6x - 4 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 30x - 24x + 6x = - 8 - 4 - 15 + 100 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 12x = 73 \Leftrightarrow x = {{73} \over {12}} \cr} \)
Phương trình có nghiệm \(x = {{73} \over {12}}\)
d. \({{x + 1} \over 3} + {{3\left( {2x + 1} \right)} \over 4} = {{2x + 3\left( {x + 1} \right)} \over 6} + {{7 + 12x} \over {12}}\)
\(\eqalign{ & \Leftrightarrow {{x + 1} \over 3} + {{6x + 3} \over 4} = {{2x + 3x + 3} \over 6} + {{7 + 12x} \over {12}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow {{x + 1} \over 3} + {{6x + 3} \over 4} = {{5x + 3} \over 6} + {{7 + 12x} \over {12}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow 4\left( {x + 1} \right) + 3\left( {6x + 3} \right) = 2\left( {5x + 3} \right) + 7 + 12x \cr & \Leftrightarrow 4x + 4 + 18x + 9 = 10x + 6 + 7 + 12 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 4x + 18x - 10x = 6 + 7 + 12 - 9 \cr & \Leftrightarrow 0x = 0 \cr} \)
Phương trình có vô số nghiệm.