Gieo hai con xúc sắc cân đốì. Gọi x là số chấm xuất hiện của xúc sắc thứ nhất và y là số chấm xuất hiện của xúc sắc thứ hai. Ta xét biến cố A là biến cố để có x ≥ y và B là biến cố để có x ≤ y. Giả sử kết quả xảy ra là x = 5 và y = 3 , khi đó ta nói:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40:

The Rocky Mountains run almost the length of North America. They start in the North-west, but lie only a (26)_______ hundred miles from the center in more southern areas. Although the Rockies are smaller (27)_______ the Alps, they are no less wonderful. There are many roads across the Rockies, but the best way to see them is to travel by train. You start from Vancouver, the most attractive of Canada's big cities. Standing with its feet in the water and its (28)______ in the mountains, this city (29)_______ its residents to ski on slopes just 15 minutes by car from the city centre. Thirty passenger trains a day used to (30)_____ off from Vancouver on the cross-continent railway. Now there are just three a week, but the ride is still a great adventure. You sleep on board, which is fun, travel through some of the best scenery at night.

Question 29:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 27 to 30:

The Rocky Mountains run almost the length of North America. They start in the North-west, but lie only a (26)_______ hundred miles from the center in more southern areas. Although the Rockies are smaller (27)_______ the Alps, they are no less wonderful. There are many roads across the Rockies, but the best way to see them is to travel by train. You start from Vancouver, the most attractive of Canada's big cities. Standing with its feet in the water and its (28)______ in the mountains, this city (29)_______ its residents to ski on slopes just 15 minutes by car from the city centre. Thirty passenger trains a day used to (30)_____ off from Vancouver on the cross-continent railway. Now there are just three a week, but the ride is still a great adventure. You sleep on board, which is fun, travel through some of the best scenery at night.

 Question 30:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

Rural America is diverse in many ways. As we have seen, no one industry dominates the rural economy no single pattern of population decline or growth exists for all rural areas, and no statement about improvements and gaps in well-being holds true for all rural people. Many of these differences are regional in nature. That is, rural areas within a particular geographic region of the country often tend to be similar (24) _______ each other and different from areas in another region. Some industries, for example, are (25) _______ with different regions-logging and sawmills in the Pacific Northwest and New England, manufacturing in the Southeast and Midwest, and farming in the Great Plains. Persistent poverty also has a regional pattern, concentrated primarily in the Southeast. Other differences follow no regional pattern. Areas that rely heavily on the services industry are located throughout rural America, as are rural areas that have little access to advanced telecommunications services. Many of these differences, regional and non-regional are the result of a (26) _______ of factors including the availability of natural (27) ______; distance from and access to major metropolitan areas and the information and services found there; transportation and shipping facilities; political history and structure; and the racial, ethnic, and (28) ______ makeup of the population.

Question 28:      

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

Rural America is diverse in many ways. As we have seen, no one industry dominates the rural economy no single pattern of population decline or growth exists for all rural areas, and no statement about improvements and gaps in well-being holds true for all rural people. Many of these differences are regional in nature. That is, rural areas within a particular geographic region of the country often tend to be similar (24) _______ each other and different from areas in another region. Some industries, for example, are (25) _______ with different regions-logging and sawmills in the Pacific Northwest and New England, manufacturing in the Southeast and Midwest, and farming in the Great Plains. Persistent poverty also has a regional pattern, concentrated primarily in the Southeast. Other differences follow no regional pattern. Areas that rely heavily on the services industry are located throughout rural America, as are rural areas that have little access to advanced telecommunications services. Many of these differences, regional and non-regional are the result of a (26) _______ of factors including the availability of natural (27) ______; distance from and access to major metropolitan areas and the information and services found there; transportation and shipping facilities; political history and structure; and the racial, ethnic, and (28) ______ makeup of the population.

Question 26:      

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

Rural America is diverse in many ways. As we have seen, no one industry dominates the rural economy no single pattern of population decline or growth exists for all rural areas, and no statement about improvements and gaps in well-being holds true for all rural people. Many of these differences are regional in nature. That is, rural areas within a particular geographic region of the country often tend to be similar (24) _______ each other and different from areas in another region. Some industries, for example, are (25) _______ with different regions-logging and sawmills in the Pacific Northwest and New England, manufacturing in the Southeast and Midwest, and farming in the Great Plains. Persistent poverty also has a regional pattern, concentrated primarily in the Southeast. Other differences follow no regional pattern. Areas that rely heavily on the services industry are located throughout rural America, as are rural areas that have little access to advanced telecommunications services. Many of these differences, regional and non-regional are the result of a (26) _______ of factors including the availability of natural (27) ______; distance from and access to major metropolitan areas and the information and services found there; transportation and shipping facilities; political history and structure; and the racial, ethnic, and (28) ______ makeup of the population.

Question 27:     

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

The expression on your face can usually dramatically alter your feelings and perceptions, and it has been proved that deliberately smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional responses. The idea was first (24) _______ by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906. He believed that different facial (25) _______ affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this could create positive or negative feelings. A happy smile or irrepressible laughter increased the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings. But sad angry expressions decreased the flow of oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious (26) _______ of gloom and depression by effectively starving the brain of essential fuel. Psychologist Robert Zajone rediscovered this early subject, and suggests that the temperature of the brain could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters, which definitely influence our moods and energy levels. He argues that an impaired blood flow could not only deprive the brain of oxygen, but also create further chemical imbalance (27) _______ inhibiting these vital hormonal messages. Zajone goes on to propose that our brains remember smiling associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can (28) _______ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters replacing a depression condition with a happier one. People suffering from psychosomatic ailment, depression and anxiety states could benefit from simply exercising their zygomatic muscles, which pull the corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile several times an hour.

Question 27:         

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

The expression on your face can usually dramatically alter your feelings and perceptions, and it has been proved that deliberately smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional responses. The idea was first (24) _______ by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906. He believed that different facial (25) _______ affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this could create positive or negative feelings. A happy smile or irrepressible laughter increased the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings. But sad angry expressions decreased the flow of oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious (26) _______ of gloom and depression by effectively starving the brain of essential fuel. Psychologist Robert Zajone rediscovered this early subject, and suggests that the temperature of the brain could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters, which definitely influence our moods and energy levels. He argues that an impaired blood flow could not only deprive the brain of oxygen, but also create further chemical imbalance (27) _______ inhibiting these vital hormonal messages. Zajone goes on to propose that our brains remember smiling associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can (28) _______ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters replacing a depression condition with a happier one. People suffering from psychosomatic ailment, depression and anxiety states could benefit from simply exercising their zygomatic muscles, which pull the corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile several times an hour.

Question 26:        

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

The expression on your face can usually dramatically alter your feelings and perceptions, and it has been proved that deliberately smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional responses. The idea was first (24) _______ by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906. He believed that different facial (25) _______ affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this could create positive or negative feelings. A happy smile or irrepressible laughter increased the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings. But sad angry expressions decreased the flow of oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious (26) _______ of gloom and depression by effectively starving the brain of essential fuel. Psychologist Robert Zajone rediscovered this early subject, and suggests that the temperature of the brain could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters, which definitely influence our moods and energy levels. He argues that an impaired blood flow could not only deprive the brain of oxygen, but also create further chemical imbalance (27) _______ inhibiting these vital hormonal messages. Zajone goes on to propose that our brains remember smiling associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can (28) _______ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters replacing a depression condition with a happier one. People suffering from psychosomatic ailment, depression and anxiety states could benefit from simply exercising their zygomatic muscles, which pull the corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile several times an hour.

Question 28:       

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5:

In the past, it was common for three or more (1) ______ to live together in the same roof. Nowadays most elderly people live (2) ________their own. They generally stay in contact with their children or grandchildren but might live in the different part of the country. People also live together, often 20 years after they have (3) _________from their job. Modern American culture tends to value youth rather than age. This create an interesting challenge for older people and for the country. American families also have troubles. They are the divorce rate, the fact that working mothers might have (4)____________ time with their children, and the problems that parents and children sometimes misunderstand each other. (5)_________, family is still at the center of most people’s lives.

Question 5:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5:

In the past, it was common for three or more (1) ______ to live together in the same roof. Nowadays most elderly people live (2) ________their own. They generally stay in contact with their children or grandchildren but might live in the different part of the country. People also live together, often 20 years after they have (3) _________from their job. Modern American culture tends to value youth rather than age. This create an interesting challenge for older people and for the country. American families also have troubles. They are the divorce rate, the fact that working mothers might have (4)____________ time with their children, and the problems that parents and children sometimes misunderstand each other. (5)_________, family is still at the center of most people’s lives. 

Question 4: