Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate to the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 44 to 50:
Vietnam is considered a third world country, its people live (44) _____ poverty by the millions. After the (45) _____, Vietnam's economy remained dominated by small-scale production, low labor productivity, unemployment, material and technological shortfalls, and insufficient food and (46) _____ goods. The Doi Moi reforms that were instated in 1986 have shed new light and added new features to the Vietnamese economy. (47) ____ Vietnamese Communist Party plays a leading role in establishing the foundations and principles of communism, mapping strategies for economic development, setting growth targets, and launching reforms. Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market incentives and (48) _____ the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises. By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi was evident. (49) _____ than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual rate of more than 7 percent. Farming systems research and the international development projects are a source of new hope for the people of Vietnam. If these recent projects are successful and Doi Moi continues on its current path the Vietnamese people may (50) _____ a new standard of living. More reforms like Doi Moi need to take place in order to create a more stable Vietnamese future.
Question 48:
