Bước đầu của quá trình ngoại lực là:

 Question 31. 

THOMAS EDISON

On the night of 21 October 1931, millions of Americans took part in a coast-to-coast ceremony to commemorate the passing of a great man. Lights (31) _______ in homes and offices from New York to California. The ceremony marked the death of arguably the most important inventor of all time: Thomas Edison. Few inventors have (32) _______ such an impact on everyday life, and many of his inventions played a crucial role in the development of modern technology. One should never (33) _______ how revolutionary some of Edison’s inventions were. In many ways, Edison is the perfect example of an inventor - that is, not just someone who dreams up clever gadgets, but someone whose products transform the lives of millions. He possessed the key characteristics that an inventor needs to (34) _______ a success of inventions, notably sheer determination. Edison famously tried thousands of materials while working on a new type of battery, reacting to failure by cheerfully announcing to his colleagues: 'Well, (35) _______ we know 8,000 things that don’t work.’ Knowing when to take no notice of experts is also important. Edison’s proposal for electric lighting circuitry was received with total disbelief by eminent scientists, until he lit up whole streets with his lights.        

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks:

The home was an important aspect of ancient Greek civilization and the term oikos not only meant house or home, but also a man’s domain. (46)_______, home ownership brought with it considerable responsibility, including protection of the home's inhabitants. A typical Athenian (47)_______ in the 5th and 6th centuries BC consisted of a couple, any children might have, plus several slaves. The men were often (48)_______ for work or at war and, as a result, security was a constant worry. A typical dwelling had high walls and a strong gate, and was constructed of mud bricks around a central courtyard, (49)_______ might have been used for cooking, relaxing or socializing with friends and family members. The courtyard also (50)_______ women the chance to enjoy the open air in the privacy of their own home, as they did not normally go out much.

Question 49:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks:

The home was an important aspect of ancient Greek civilization and the term oikos not only meant house or home, but also a man’s domain. (46)_______, home ownership brought with it considerable responsibility, including protection of the home's inhabitants. A typical Athenian (47)_______ in the 5th and 6th centuries BC consisted of a couple, any children might have, plus several slaves. The men were often (48)_______ for work or at war and, as a result, security was a constant worry. A typical dwelling had high walls and a strong gate, and was constructed of mud bricks around a central courtyard, (49)_______ might have been used for cooking, relaxing or socializing with friends and family members. The courtyard also (50)_______ women the chance to enjoy the open air in the privacy of their own home, as they did not normally go out much.

Question 50:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

 Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in (31)___________. Many species of animals are threatened, and could easily become (32)___________ if we do not make an effort to protect them. There are many reasons for this. In some cases animals are hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies. Some birds, such as parrots, are caught (33)___________, and sold as pets. For many animals and birds, the problem is that their habitats-the place where they live-is disappearing. More land is used for farm, for houses and industry, and there are fewer open spaces than there once were. Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them grow better crops, but these chemicals pollute the environment and (34)___________ wildlife. The most successful animals on Earth, human beings, will soon be the only ones (35)___________ unless we can solve this problem.

Question 32:  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45:

Reference books are not designed to be read from the first page to the last but rather to be consulted to answer the questions and provide both general and specific pieces of information. One of the most (41) ________- used reference books is a dictionary, which provides information about words. It lists meanings and spellings, (42)________how a word is pronounced, gives examples of how it is used, may reveal its origins and also lists synonyms and antonyms. To help you find the words faster, there are guide words at the top of each page showing the first and last words on the page and of course it (43) ________ to know the alphabet! There may be numerous special sections at the back with facts about famous people and places, lists of dates and scientific names, etc. There is usually a section at the front explaining how to use the dictionary, which includes the special abbreviations or signs. An atlas is also a reference book and (44) ________ charts, tables and geographical facts, as well as maps. Political maps locate countries and cities, physical maps show the formation of the land with its mountains and valleys, and economic maps show industries and agriculture. To find a specific place, you need to look in the index at the back of the atlas and the exact position on the map. There are numerous map (45) ________ that you need to know in order to be able to read a map-almost like a special language and these are explained at the front of the atlas.  

Question 45:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45:

Reference books are not designed to be read from the first page to the last but rather to be consulted to answer the questions and provide both general and specific pieces of information. One of the most (41) ________- used reference books is a dictionary, which provides information about words. It lists meanings and spellings, (42)________how a word is pronounced, gives examples of how it is used, may reveal its origins and also lists synonyms and antonyms. To help you find the words faster, there are guide words at the top of each page showing the first and last words on the page and of course it (43) ________ to know the alphabet! There may be numerous special sections at the back with facts about famous people and places, lists of dates and scientific names, etc. There is usually a section at the front explaining how to use the dictionary, which includes the special abbreviations or signs. An atlas is also a reference book and (44) ________ charts, tables and geographical facts, as well as maps. Political maps locate countries and cities, physical maps show the formation of the land with its mountains and valleys, and economic maps show industries and agriculture. To find a specific place, you need to look in the index at the back of the atlas and the exact position on the map. There are numerous map (45) ________ that you need to know in order to be able to read a map-almost like a special language and these are explained at the front of the atlas.  

Question 44:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45:

Reference books are not designed to be read from the first page to the last but rather to be consulted to answer the questions and provide both general and specific pieces of information. One of the most (41) ________- used reference books is a dictionary, which provides information about words. It lists meanings and spellings, (42)________how a word is pronounced, gives examples of how it is used, may reveal its origins and also lists synonyms and antonyms. To help you find the words faster, there are guide words at the top of each page showing the first and last words on the page and of course it (43) ________ to know the alphabet! There may be numerous special sections at the back with facts about famous people and places, lists of dates and scientific names, etc. There is usually a section at the front explaining how to use the dictionary, which includes the special abbreviations or signs. An atlas is also a reference book and (44) ________ charts, tables and geographical facts, as well as maps. Political maps locate countries and cities, physical maps show the formation of the land with its mountains and valleys, and economic maps show industries and agriculture. To find a specific place, you need to look in the index at the back of the atlas and the exact position on the map. There are numerous map (45) ________ that you need to know in order to be able to read a map-almost like a special language and these are explained at the front of the atlas.  

Question 43:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45:

Reference books are not designed to be read from the first page to the last but rather to be consulted to answer the questions and provide both general and specific pieces of information. One of the most (41) ________- used reference books is a dictionary, which provides information about words. It lists meanings and spellings, (42)________how a word is pronounced, gives examples of how it is used, may reveal its origins and also lists synonyms and antonyms. To help you find the words faster, there are guide words at the top of each page showing the first and last words on the page and of course it (43) ________ to know the alphabet! There may be numerous special sections at the back with facts about famous people and places, lists of dates and scientific names, etc. There is usually a section at the front explaining how to use the dictionary, which includes the special abbreviations or signs. An atlas is also a reference book and (44) ________ charts, tables and geographical facts, as well as maps. Political maps locate countries and cities, physical maps show the formation of the land with its mountains and valleys, and economic maps show industries and agriculture. To find a specific place, you need to look in the index at the back of the atlas and the exact position on the map. There are numerous map (45) ________ that you need to know in order to be able to read a map-almost like a special language and these are explained at the front of the atlas.  

Question 42:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

THE FIRST WOMAN SCIENTIST Hypatia was born in Alexandria, in Egypt, in 370 A.D. For many centuries, she was the only woman scientist to have a place in the history books. Hypatia’s father was director of Alexandria University, and he (31) ________ sure his daughter had the best education available. This was unusual, as most women then had few (32) ________ to study. After studying in Athens and Rome, Hypatia returned to Alexandria where she began teaching mathematics. She soon became famous (33) ________ her knowledge of new ideas. We have no copies of her book, but we know that she wrote several important mathematical works. Hypatia was also interested in technology and invented several scientific tools to help with her work. At the (34) ________, many rulers were afraid of science, and anyone connected with it was in danger. One day in March 415, Hypatia (35) ________ attacked in the street and killed.  

Question 31:        

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

THE FIRST WOMAN SCIENTIST Hypatia was born in Alexandria, in Egypt, in 370 A.D. For many centuries, she was the only woman scientist to have a place in the history books. Hypatia’s father was director of Alexandria University, and he (31) ________ sure his daughter had the best education available. This was unusual, as most women then had few (32) ________ to study. After studying in Athens and Rome, Hypatia returned to Alexandria where she began teaching mathematics. She soon became famous (33) ________ her knowledge of new ideas. We have no copies of her book, but we know that she wrote several important mathematical works. Hypatia was also interested in technology and invented several scientific tools to help with her work. At the (34) ________, many rulers were afraid of science, and anyone connected with it was in danger. One day in March 415, Hypatia (35) ________ attacked in the street and killed.  

Question 33: