Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

The expression on your face can usually dramatically alter your feelings and perceptions, and it has been proved that deliberately smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional responses. The idea was first (24) _______ by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906. He believed that different facial (25) _______ affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this could create positive or negative feelings. A happy smile or irrepressible laughter increased the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings. But sad angry expressions decreased the flow of oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious (26) _______ of gloom and depression by effectively starving the brain of essential fuel. Psychologist Robert Zajone rediscovered this early subject, and suggests that the temperature of the brain could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters, which definitely influence our moods and energy levels. He argues that an impaired blood flow could not only deprive the brain of oxygen, but also create further chemical imbalance (27) _______ inhibiting these vital hormonal messages. Zajone goes on to propose that our brains remember smiling associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can (28) _______ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters replacing a depression condition with a happier one. People suffering from psychosomatic ailment, depression and anxiety states could benefit from simply exercising their zygomatic muscles, which pull the corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile several times an hour.

Question 26:        

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B ,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks:

Organized football games began in 1863. In football, two (31)_____ of eleven players try to kick or head the ball into the goal of the other team. The goal keeper, (32)_____tries to keep the ball out of the goal, is the only player on the field who can touch the ball with his or her hands. The other players must use their feet, heads and bodies to (33)_____ the ball. Every four years, football teams around the world (34)_____ for the World Cup. The World Cup competition started in 1930. Brazil is the home of many great football players, including the most famous player of all, Pele’. With his fast dazzling speed, Pele’ played for many years in Brazil and then in New York. People in more than 140 countries (35)_____ the world play football. It is definitely the world’s most popular sport.

Question 31:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

A child prodigy of four is receiving computer lessons at Brunei University, in London. Nicholas MacMahon is studying at university because he is too clever for school. A senior lecturer at the university, Valso Koshy, said that the boy was remarkably intelligent. Nicholas spoke fluently before he was one and by the time he was 18 months old, he was taking telephone (24) _______. This was soon followed by conversational French. These are the trademarks of a highly gifted child unusual but not unique. The strange thing about Nicholas is his reading - he taught himself to read before he could speak. Ms. Koshy, an expert (25) _______ gifted children, says Nicholas is quite exceptional. Yet “exceptional” underrates his amazing ability to read, almost from birth. “He was talking when he was one and we realized from the start that he could read,” his father said. “Soon after, he was correcting my spelling, words (26) _______ caterpillar. Now he (27) _______ insects by their Latin names.” The list of achievements is impressive, but frightening. A four-year-old who can (28) _______ a Boeing 747 from a DC 10, devours encyclopedias, read The Daily Telegraph and is well on the way to becoming a violin virtuoso is hardly normal.

Question 27:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

My home is in the air – I do an enormous amount of travelling. It is a fast life and full of work, but I like it and that is the only way (31)..................me. Everything is tiring – music, travelling – but what can I do? I am not (32).................to complaining. It is hart to imagine now that I will never be very long in one place. My home town is on the Caspian Sea. There is sea, wind, sun and too many tourists and hotels. I have my own flat with four or five rooms. But I am seldom there. If I am there for a day or two I prefer to (33)................ with my mother and grandmother. They live in a small house, but it is very comfortable and my mother cooks for me. I like good, simple food. I have no wife, no brothers or sisters and my father died when I was seven. He was an engineer and I don’t ( 34).............him very well. He liked music very much and wanted me to (35)..............a musician.

Question 35:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 46 to 50:

 Here are tips that help succeed in your job interview: Always arrive early. If you do not know (46) _________ the organization is located, call for exact directions (47) ____________ advance. Leave some extra time for any traffic, parking, or unexpected events. If you are running late, call right away and let someone know. The best time to arrive is approximately 5 - 10 minutes early. Give yourself the time to read your resume one more time, to catch your breath, and to be ready for the interview. Once you are at the office, treat everyone you encounter with respect. Be (48) _________ to everyone as soon as you walk in the door. Wear a professional business suit. This point should be emphasized enough. First (49) ____________ are extremely important in the interview process. Women should (50)_________ wearing too much jewelry or make up. Men should avoid flashy suits or wearing too much perfume. It is also important that you feel comfortable. While a suit is the standard interview attire in a business environment, if you think it is an informal environment, call before and ask. Regardless, you can never be overdressed if you are wearing a tailored suit.   

Question 47:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best option for each of the blanks.

Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and fires can change ecosystems. Some changes harm ecosystems. If there is too ___26__ rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals that feed on it may also die or move away. Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fire for the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal and lets the seeds ___27___. Polluting the air, soil, and water can harm ecosystems. Building ___28___ on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems around the rivers. Bulldozing wetlands and cutting down ___29___ destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and governments to find better ways of catching fish, cutting down trees, and building dams. They are looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people ___30___ causing harm to ecosystems.

Question 26:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

GLOBAL WARMING

Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world’s climate. Many scientists (31) ________ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world’s temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (32) ________ to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (33) ________ and causing sea levels all around the world to rise. Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (34) ________ by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favor of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power station. Some scientists, (35) ________, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.  

Question 33:        

Question 33: 

Private school is not controlled by the government and is not supported by taxes or other public funds. A private school differs (31)__________ a public school, which operates with major support from government funds. Private schools are operated by religion groups or by independent organizations. Most private schools operate on a non-profit basis, although a few are run as businesses to make money for their owners. Private schools are (32)__________ chiefly by tuition, grants from their sponsors or contributions. Some private schools also have an invested money whose income is used to fund the school. In most countries, almost all schools were private until the early 1800’s. At that time, many government leaders began to encourage development of public schools to promote national progress by making education widely available to citizens. Today, the (33)__________ of public and private schools differs greatly from one country to another. In many developed countries, private schools offer a general focus on (34)__________ for college, a special focus on science, music or other subject areas; and religious instruction. The Roman Catholic Church is one of the largest sponsors of private schools (35)__________ the world. 

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

                                                                A GOOD START TO A HOLIDAY

I had never been to Denmark before, and when I set out to catch the ferry in early May, I little (31) _______ that by the end of the trip I'd have made such lasting friendships.

I wanted to use my time well, so I had planned a route which would (32) _______ several small islands and various parts of the countryside. I arrived at Esbjerg, a convenient port for a cyclist’s arrival, where tourist information can be obtained and money changed. A cycle track (33) _______ out of town and down to Ribe, where I spent my first night.

In my experience, a person travelling alone sometimes meets with unexpected hospitality, and this trip was no exception. In Ribe, I got into conversation with a cheerful man who turned (34) _______ to be the local baker. He insisted that I should join his family for lunch, and, while we were eating, he contacted his daughter in Odense. Within minutes, he had (35) _______ for me to visit her and her family. Then I was sent on my way with a fresh loaf of bread to keep me going, and the feeling that this would turn out to be a wonderful holiday.

Question 33:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40:

What sort of job should you look for? Much depends on your long - term aim. You need to ask ______(36) whether you want to specialise in a particular field, work your way up to higher levels of responsibility or _____(37)of your current employment into a broader field. This job will be studied very carefully when you send your letter of ________(38) for your next job. It should show evidence of serious career planning. Most important, it should extend you, develop you and give you increasing responsibility. Incidentally, if you are interested in travelling, now is the time to pack up and go. You can do temporary work for a ______(39) when you return, pick up where you_____(40) left off and get the second job.

Question 37: 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

The expression on your face can usually dramatically alter your feelings and perceptions, and it has been proved that deliberately smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional responses. The idea was first (24) _______ by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906. He believed that different facial (25) _______ affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this could create positive or negative feelings. A happy smile or irrepressible laughter increased the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings. But sad angry expressions decreased the flow of oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious (26) _______ of gloom and depression by effectively starving the brain of essential fuel. Psychologist Robert Zajone rediscovered this early subject, and suggests that the temperature of the brain could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters, which definitely influence our moods and energy levels. He argues that an impaired blood flow could not only deprive the brain of oxygen, but also create further chemical imbalance (27) _______ inhibiting these vital hormonal messages. Zajone goes on to propose that our brains remember smiling associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can (28) _______ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters replacing a depression condition with a happier one. People suffering from psychosomatic ailment, depression and anxiety states could benefit from simply exercising their zygomatic muscles, which pull the corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile several times an hour.

Question 26:        

Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:

                                                               LOOK ON THE BRIGHT SIDE       

Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, some one who always (21)_____ to be successful? Having some one around who always fears the worst isn’t really a lot of (22)_____we all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says: “It looks like rain.”. But if you catch yourself thinking such things, it’s important to do something (23)_____ it. You can change your view of life, (24)_____ to psychologists, it only takes a little effort, and you’ll find life more rewarding as a (25)______. Optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and confidence, but it’s also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more (26)_______to start new projects and generally more prepared to take risks. Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your (27)_______ to the world. Some people are brought up to (28)______too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists, on the (29) _____hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world - they just (30)_____with their lives.

Question 26:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase thet best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

 Although it may come as a surprise to many people, postal services have existed in some parts of the world for thousands of years. There is ample evidence that a postal services existed among the Assyrians and Babylonians. In China a regular postal service was established in the seventh century BC, and over the centuries attained such a high level of efficiency that some 2000 years after its (24) _______ it won the admiration of travelers like Marco Polo. Efficient and highly developed postal services were also established in the Persia and Roman Empires. In ancient times, these services were mainly confined to the use of representative of the state; private citizens made use of slaves, merchants and the (25) _______ to send their messages and documents. In Medieval Europe, postal services were organized by emperors and by the papacy, (26) _______ private citizens continued to entrust their correspondence to various travelers. Later around the 13th century, universities and towns came to have the own messengers. However, it was not until the 14th century when merchants, the private citizens who had the greatest need for a speedy and regular exchange of correspondence, began to set (27) _______ regular courier services. The needs of business (28) _______ to the development of the postal services as we know it today.

Question 25: 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

In Part Three of the Speaking Section you work together with a partner. You have to do a single task which usually lasts about 3 minutes. One possible task is “problem solving”, which means you have to look at some visual information and then (31)__ the problem with your partner. You may be shown photos, drawings, diagrams, maps, plans, advertisements or computer graphics and it is (32)__ that you study them carefully. If necessary, check you know exactly what to do by politely asking the examiner to (33)__ the instruction or make them clearer. While you are doing the task, the examiner will probably say very (34)__ and you should ask your partner questions and make suggestions if he or she is not saying much. If either of you have any real difficulties, the examiner may decide to step in and help. Normally, however, you will find plenty to say, which helps the assessor to give you a fair mark. This mark depends on your success in doing the task by (35)__ with your partner, which includes taking turns in giving opinions and replying appropriately, although in the end it may be possible to “agree to disagree”.

Question 33:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks:   

There are several changes in the procedure for employees ___5___ wish to apply for vacant positions within the company. These changes make it much easier for in-house employees to fill vacancies that occur. First, __6__ most important difference is that employees will now be notified of all available positions before the positions are advertised for the general public. Accordingly, all in-house candidates will be interviewed before we see any out-side candidates, and we will offer the job to outside candidates only if no current employees are able to fill the position. Second, under the new procedure, in-house employees can be hired even if they don’t __7__ all job requirements. Under our old policy, in-house employees had to meet all job qualifications in order to obtain the vacant position. Now, however, employees who have proven themselves dedicated __8__ the company will be hired for a vacant position even if they are lacking some minor qualifications; training will be provided. A third change involves recommendations. Form now on, employees do not need to be recommended for an in-house position before they __9__. Instead, employees may apply as soon as they are aware of the vacancy. The remaining procedures and policies (those regarding increase in pay, interview procedure, and hiring approval) remain the same.

Question 8:

Here are tips that help succeed in your job interview: Always arrive early. If you do not know (46) _________ the organization is located, call for exact directions (47) ____________ advance. Leave some extra time for any traffic, parking, or unexpected events. If you are running late, call right away and let someone know. The best time to arrive is approximately 5 - 10 minutes early. Give yourself the time to read your resume one more time, to catch your breath, and to be ready for the interview. Once you are at the office, treat everyone you encounter with respect. Be (48) _________ to everyone as soon as you walk in the door. Wear a professional business suit. This point should be emphasized enough. First (49) ____________ are extremely important in the interview process. Women should (50)_________ wearing too much jewelry or make up. Men should avoid flashy suits or wearing too much perfume. It is also important that you feel comfortable. While a suit is the standard interview attire in a business environment, if you think it is an informal environment, call before and ask. Regardless, you can never be overdressed if you are wearing a tailored suit.

Question 48:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

Few people now realize the reality of global warming and its effects on the world’s climate. Many scientists (24) _______ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world’s temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at (25) _______ from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise. Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (26) _______ by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (27) _______ of more money being spent on research into solar, wind, and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (28) _______. Some scientists, however, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.

Question 27:         

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

In the 1998 World Cup, sports fans around the world (31) ________ various battles between fierce football rivals but also between the companies that sponsored them. Nike sponsored Brazil. Adidas sponsored France. While the teams (32) ________ for the biggest prize in football, the two companies tried to win the biggest battle, the battle of the brands as 500 million people from 195 countries turn in to watch the greatest footballers in the world. Afterwards, the sportswear companies hope was for people to go out and buy some new kits. Adidas paid $20 million for the privilege of being an official sponsor of the 1998 World Cup and so one might have assumed it would have had the greatest presence at the (33) ________. Sometimes, however, sponsoring doesn’t (34) ________ the company much good. Other times, the sponsors advertising campaigns are very original. Nike has claimed that if sponsors really want to support athletes, they can’t turn up only for the photo opportunities and the media events and smile and (35) ________ for the cameras. They have to accept the whole package with its spitting, swearing, sweating and blistering-breaking. They just have to get used to it.

Question 34:        

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

A typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay running. They keep your organs operating (31) ________ and your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person gains weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than necessary. The only way to lose fat is to reduce the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic principle (32) ________ going on a diet. Unfortunately, diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then go off the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to maintaining a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you actually (33) ________. The next step is to add exercise so that you can raise the number of calories you can consume per day. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can make a big (34) ________. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching television or you can take the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise partner. Exercises can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It’s a good idea to wear firm fitting clothes if you are (35) ________. Tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.

Question 35:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

Rural America is diverse in many ways. As we have seen, no one industry dominates the rural economy no single pattern of population decline or growth exists for all rural areas, and no statement about improvements and gaps in well-being holds true for all rural people. Many of these differences are regional in nature. That is, rural areas within a particular geographic region of the country often tend to be similar (24) _______ each other and different from areas in another region. Some industries, for example, are (25) _______ with different regions-logging and sawmills in the Pacific Northwest and New England, manufacturing in the Southeast and Midwest, and farming in the Great Plains. Persistent poverty also has a regional pattern, concentrated primarily in the Southeast. Other differences follow no regional pattern. Areas that rely heavily on the services industry are located throughout rural America, as are rural areas that have little access to advanced telecommunications services. Many of these differences, regional and non-regional are the result of a (26) _______ of factors including the availability of natural (27) ______; distance from and access to major metropolitan areas and the information and services found there; transportation and shipping facilities; political history and structure; and the racial, ethnic, and (28) ______ makeup of the population.

Question 27:     

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35:

 The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather pattern (31)_______ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm, the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could (32)_______ experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier. This happening is called El Nino and is used (33)_______ weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will bring unusually rain to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time. According to research, weather forecasters (34)_______ know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become completely different. El Nino itself used to be predictable. It would occur every two to seven years. But now this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this (35)_______ on the global scale either.

Question 34:     

Question 31:

Private school is not controlled by the government and is not supported by taxes or other public funds. A private school differs (31)__________ a public school, which operates with major support from government funds. Private schools are operated by religion groups or by independent organizations. Most private schools operate on a non-profit basis, although a few are run as businesses to make money for their owners. Private schools are (32)__________ chiefly by tuition, grants from their sponsors or contributions. Some private schools also have an invested money whose income is used to fund the school. In most countries, almost all schools were private until the early 1800’s. At that time, many government leaders began to encourage development of public schools to promote national progress by making education widely available to citizens. Today, the (33)__________ of public and private schools differs greatly from one country to another. In many developed countries, private schools offer a general focus on (34)__________ for college, a special focus on science, music or other subject areas; and religious instruction. The Roman Catholic Church is one of the largest sponsors of private schools (35)__________ the world.   

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best first each of the numbered blank from 31 to 35:

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (31) ________ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to prepare for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a license or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, like computer operation or police work, (32) ________ satisfactory completion of special training courses. Education is also important (33) ________ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them acquire the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (34) ________ important as people gain more and more leisure time. Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become necessary because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (35) ________ the skills for adjusting to them. 

Question 32:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase thet best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28:

 Personal space is a term that refers (24)______the distance we like to keep between ourselves  and other people. When (25)______we do not know well gets too close we usually begin to feel uncomfortable. If a business colleague comes closer than 1.2 meters, the most common response is to move (26_______ . Some interesting (27)______ have been done in libraries. If strangers come too close, many people get up and leave the building; others use different methods such as turning their back on the intruder. Living in cities has made people develop new skills for dealing with situations where they are very close to strangers. Most people on crowded trains try not to look at strangers; they avoid skin contact, and apologize if hands touch by mistake. People use newspapers (28)______ a barrier between themselves and other people, and if they do not have one, they stare into the distance, making sure they are not looking into anyone’s eyes.  

Question 25:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19:

Fashions have always changed with time. No (15) ________ Roman girls worried about having the latest hairstyle and boys in Ancient Egypt wanted to have sandals that were cool and not the sensible ones their mothers preferred. Look (16) ________over recent times, there seem to be two main differences in the way fashions have changed compared to earlier time. Firstly, (17) ________ more people have a choice of clothes available to them. There are few places in the world where the trainers, the caps or the T-shirts of teenagers do not change from one year to the next. Secondly, styles are (18) ________within a much shorter time than they used to be. For instance, in the 1960s, (19) ________ had the same low waists and narrow skirts as forty years before. In the early years of the 21st century, the shops are full of long skirts and colored scarves like the ones in fashion only thirty years before. Soon, we will find that the really fashionable people look no different from the rest of us, because it is only ten years since their clothes were in fashion before!  

Question 18:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks:

Rock carvings suggest that Stone Age people were hunting whales for food as early as 2,200 B.C. Such (31)______ hunting is still practised today in a number of societies including the Inuit people of Greenland and North America. Whaling became big (32)_____________ from the seventeenth century as the demand for whale bone and whale oil rose, and the humpback and sperm whales were hunted in increasing large number. (33)_________ just as stocks of these species began to fall, the explosive harpoon gun was invented. This weapon, together with the development of steam-powered ships, enable the whaler to hunt the fast moving fin and blue whales. In 1905, the whaling (34)____________ moved the water of Antarctica. The introduction of massive factory ships enabled the whales to be processed at sea. As a result, the blue whale had virtually disappeared by the 1950s. In 1946, The International Whaling Commision was established to maintain the declining whale populations. Quotas were set but these were often ignored and the numbers continued to fall. Hunting of many species continued until 1986 when the IWC finally responded to international (35)____________ and a band on commercial whaling was introduced.  

Question 32:

Cho một sóng ngang truyền trên mặt nước có phương trình dao động mm, trong đó x tính bằng cm, t tính bằng giây. Tốc độ truyền sóng cơ trên mặt nước bằng:

Khi nói về sự truyền sóng cơ trong một môi trường, phát biểu nào sau đây đúng?

Một nguồn phát sóng dao động với phương trình  mm với t tính bằng giây s. Trong khoảng thời gian 2 s, sóng này truyền đi được quãng đường bằng bao nhiêu lần bước sóng:        

Một sóng cơ lan truyền trên một đường thẳng từ điểm O đến điểm M cách O một đoạn d. Biết tần số f, bước sóng và biên độ a của sóng không đổi trong quá trình truyền sóng. Ở thời điểm t, nếu phương trình dao động của phần tử vật chất tại M có dạng thì phương trình dao động của phần tử vật chất tại O có dạng:

Tại một điểm trên mặt chất lỏng có một nguồn dao động với tần số 60 Hz, tạo ra sóng ổn định trên mặt chất lỏng. Xét 10 gợn lồi liên tiếp trên một phương truyền sóng, ở về một phía so với nguồn, gợn thứ nhất cách gợn thứ 10 là 1,8 m. Tốc độ truyền sóng là:

Một sóng cơ truyền trên sợi dây rất dài với tốc độ 1 m/s và chu kì 0,5 s. Sóng cơ này có bước sóng là:

Khi một sóng cơ học truyền đi, đại lượng nào dưới đây sẽ không thay đổi theo thời gian?                

Một sóng cơ học có tần số f lan truyền trong một môi trường với tốc độ v. Bước sóng được xác định bởi biểu thức nào dưới đây?        

Một sóng cơ học có tần số f, biên độ A trong một môi trường với bước sóng . Tỉ số giữa tốc độ cực đại của phần tử môi trường và tốc độ truyền sóng là:

Người ta gây ra một dao động với tần số 20 Hz ở đầu O của một sợi dây rất dài, tạo nên sóng ngang lan truyền trên dây và sau 6 giây sóng truyền được 3 m. Bước sóng bằng: