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WORD FOMATION 2
[Truy cập tab: Tiếng Anh – Khoá học: TỪ VỰNG]
1. Noun-forming suffixes:
1.1. Noun + suffix:
Formation Examples
noun-dom Kingdom, princedom, dukedome
noun-ful Pocketful, mouthful, handful
noun-hood Neighbourhood, brotherhood, childhood
noun-ian Musician, physician, librarian
noun-ism Humanism, heroism, patriotism
noun-ist Guitarist, pianist, violinist
noun-ship Relationship, friendship, leadership
1.2. Verb + suffix:
Formation Examples
verb-ar Liar, beggar, burglar
verb-er Reader, singer, dancer
verb-ing Working, living, writing
verb-ion Action, invention, construction
verb-ment Enjoyment, agreement, management
verb-or Refrigerator, operator, sailor
1.3. Adjective + suffix:
Formation Examples
adjective-dom Wisdom, freedom, boredom
adjective-ism Realism, capitalism, socialism
adjective-ness Sadness, darkness, kindness
adjective-ty Loyalty, safety, variety
adjective-ity Reality, rapidity, stupidity
2. Verb-forming suffixes:
2.1. Noun + suffix:
Formation Examples
noun-en Heighten, lengthen
noun-ize Criticize, pasteurize, standardize
2.2. Adjective + suffix:
Formation Examples
adjective-en Brighten, widen, shorten, ripen
adjective-ize Industrialize, familiarize, modernize
3. Adjective-forming suffixes:
3.1. Noun + suffix:
Formation Examples
noun-y airy, foggy, grassy, leafy
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noun-ful Painful, fearful, beautiful
noun-less Homeless, painless, careless, hopeless, fearless
noun-ous Mountainous, dangerous, studious
noun-al(ial) Accidental, formal, colonial, industrial
noun-ic Artistic, democratic, patriotic
noun-ly Friendly, childly, manly, weekly, monthly
noun-like Childlike, ladylike, manlike, warlike
noun-en Golden, silken, wooden, earthen
noun-an(ian) American, African, Canadian, Italian
noun-some Troublesome, bothersome, quarrelsome
noun-ese Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, Portugese
3.2. Adjective + suffix:
Formation Examples
adjective-al Periodical, historical, celestial
adjective-ly Poorly, sickly, deadly
adjective-ish Whitish, greenish, reddish, bluish
3.3. Verb + suffix:
Formation Examples
verb-able Drinkable, breakable, agreeable
verb-ible Sensible, defensible, permissible
verb-ive Attentive, talkative, activw
verb-ing Surprising, pleasing, interesting, amusing
verb-ed Worried, amazed, confused
4. Adverb-forming suffixes:
Formation Examples
adjective-ly Electronically, logically, rapidly, beautifully
noun-wise Clockwise, otherwise
PRACTICE 1:
1. pessimistic => pessimism
2. brave => bravery
3. violent => violence
4. loyal => loyalty
5. realistic => realism
6. patient => patience
7. accurate => accuracy
8. stupid => stupidity
9. popular => popularity
10. ill => illness
11. mature => maturity
12. selfish => selfishness
13. foolish => foolishness
14. warm => warmth
15. proud => pride
16. optimistic => optimism
17. possible => possibility
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18. anxious => anxiety
19. necessary => necessity
20. superior => superiority
21. honest => honesty
22. inferior => inferiority
23. reliable => reliability
24. safe => safety
25. strong => strength
PRACTICE 2:
1. My grandmother is still very ________ at the age of 88. (act)
2. Her work is entirely ________ . (admire)
3. We spent a very ________ weekend by the sea. (agree)
4. She wrote us an ________ letter. (apologise)
5. I don't want to watch that ________ television programme. (bore)
6. I'm ________. Let's go out to the club. (bore)
7. Be ________ not to make any noise, the baby is asleep. (care)
8. Judged by last year's performance, it is a ________ success. compare
9. He's very ________ and loves playing sports. (compete)
10. She made some ________ suggestions for improving the shop. (construct)
11. The computer has given us ________ problems since we bought it. (continue)
12. She's been in ________ pain for three days. (continue)
13. He's a ________ child, always full of ideas. (create)
14. He was nervous, but tried to sound ________ . (decide)
15.My brother is a _____ expert, and runs courses for people who want to go to remote places like the
Sahara Desert. (survive) (not survivor)
16.Thanks to you, the party was a complete _____. (succeed)
17.I didn't have the right _____ for the job. (qualify)
18.Listen carefully, everyone. I've got an important _____ to make. (announce)
19.There have been several major _____ in the field of information technology. (develop)
20.I'm afraid I can't give you _____ to leave. (permit)
KEYS:
1. active 2. admirable 3. agreeable 4. apologetic
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