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ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU
A. GIỚI THIỆU:
Động từ nguyên mẫu có dạng TO VERB/ VERB
- To V: To work, to do smth
- To be V-ing: To be working
- To have P2: To have worked
- To have been V-ing: To have been working
- Bị động:
o To be P2: To be done
o To have been P2: To have been done.
B. CHỨC NĂNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU
Làm chủ ngữ
To become a teacher is my dream.
To help you is my duty.
To know all about English is one thing, to know
English is quite another
To have made the same mistake twice is unforgivable.
Làm vị ngữ
My dream is to become a teacher
I have to help him.
They ought to make that mistake.
C. CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI VỚI NGUYÊN MẪU
1. “To infinitive” được dùng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ như:
AGREE/ AIM/ APPEAR/ ATTEMPT/ CARE/ CHOOSE/ CLAIM/ DECIDE / DEMAND/ BE
DETERMINED TO DO/ FAIL TO DO/ FORGET/ REMEMBER/ HAPPEN TO V/ TURN
OUT TO BE/ HESITATE/ HOPE/ WANT/ WISH TO V/ LEARN/ MANAGE TO V/
PRETEND TO/ PROMISE/ REFUSE/ SEEM/ TEND/ SWEAR/ THREATEN/ TRY/
REGRET/ STOP
2. “To infinitive” dùng theo cấu trúc : V + O + to infinitive:
REQUIRE/ REQUEST/ DEMAND/ ASK/ ALLOW/ PERMIT/ BEG/ WANT/ ADVISE/
ENCOURAGE/ FORCE/ PERSUADE/ REMIND/ ORDER/ TEACH/ TELL/ URGE/
WARN.
Ex: Why did he advise you to visit Halong Bay?
I told him to be patient.
3. “To infinitive” dùng theo cấu trúc:
Be about to do sth = be going to do sth= chuẩn bị làm gì
The man is about to step on the boat.
Be + adj + to V
I’m happy to teach you
It’s nice to meet you.
Be + P2 + To V
He require me to do this job
I was required to do that job.
Find it + adj + To V = Find that it + be = thấy...để làm gì...
I find it difficult to learn new words.
= I find that it is difficult to learn new words.
Try one’s best to do sth/ do one’s best to do Sth
Make an efford/ attempt= cố gắng
Decide= make up one’s mind to + V= Quyết định làm gì
How + to V
He accidentally discovered how to open the safe.
Anh ta tình cờ khám phá ra cách để mở cái két.
What + To V:
I don’t know what to say
Tôi không biết phải nói gì
Where/ when/ whether
I don’t know where to go..
Tôi không biết phải đi đâu.
I don’t know when to turn the lights off
Tôi không biết khi nào thì tắt đèn đi.
I wonder whether to leave or to stay
Tôi tự hỏi liệu nên đi hay ở.
Decide/ learn/ remember
4. “To infinitive” dùng trong cấu trúc câu bị động
“He is an honest man” They said
He was said to be an honest man
“ He is living in Hanoi” They believe
He is believed to be living in Hanoi
“ He stole my camera” She said
He was said to have stolen her camera.
BÀI TẬP
BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC
1. Bill agreed (to meet) _____________us at the restaurant at 8:30, but he never showed up.
2. Our art teacher encouraged (to try) _____________with different colors.
3. Dana hopes (to save) ______________enough money to travel around Europe for three months. It's her
dream.
4. Constance plans (to take) _____________part in the marathon next spring.
5. The doctor advised (to see) _____________a specialist about the problem.
6. After the tsunami, Bette chose (to stay) _____________in Indonesia and work with relief organization.
7. She waited (to buy) _____________a movie ticket.
8. The doctor encouraged his patients (to eat) _____________healthy food.
9. My flat is easy (to find) _____________
10. We plan (to go) _____________to Europe this summer
BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG CHO MỖI CÂU SAU:
1. I am planning __________ Da Lat next week.
A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. to visit
2. I must go now. I promised _____________ late
A. not being B. not to be C. not being D. won’t be
3. Suddenly he stopped the car in order __________.
A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked
4. It was late, so we decided ____________ a taxi home.
A. to take B. taken C. taking D. take
5. How old were you when you learnt _______________?
A. how to drive B. how drive C. how driving D. how driven
6. She always encourages her son ____________ harder.
A. to study B. studied C. study D. studying
7. Don’t forget __________ the letter I gave you.
A. to post B. posting C. post D. posted
8. We expect him ______________ tomorrow.
A. arrive B. arriving C. to arrive D. will arrive
9. I tried ___________the bus, but I missed it.
A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught
10. Remember _____________Lan a present because today is her birthday.
A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent
11. We were allowed ___________ photographs in this room.
A. sell B. to sell C. selling D. sold
12. Would you like __________to my birthday party?
A. coming B. come C. came D. to come
KEY
BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC
1. to meet
2. to try
3. to save
4. to take
5. to see
6. to stay
7. to buy
8. to eat
9. to find
10. to go
BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG CHO MỖI CÂU SAU:
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. A
